Essay on Faraday - 2921 Words

Faraday It is not my intention to lay before you a life of Faraday in the ordinary accepting of the term. The duty I have to perform is to give you some notion of what he has done in the world; dwelling incidentally on the spirit in which his work was executed, and introducing such personal traits as may be necessary to the completion of your picture of the philosopher, though by no means adequate to give you a complete idea of the man. Michael Faraday was born at Newington Butts, on September 22, 1791, and he died at Hampton Court, on August 25, 1867. When thirteen years old, that is to say in 1804, Faraday was apprenticed to a bookseller and bookbinder where he spent eight years of his life, after which he worked as a†¦show more content†¦At this time he was acquiring, not producing; working hard for his master and storing and strengthening his own mind. He assisted Mr. Brande in his lectures, and so quietly, skillfully, and modestly was his work done, that Mr. Brandes vocation at the time was pronounced lecturing on velvet. In 1820 Faraday published a chemical paper on two new compounds of chlorine and carbon, and on a new compound of iodine, carbon, and hydrogen. This paper was read before the Royal Society on December 21, 1820, and it was the first of his that was honored with a place in the Philosophical Transactions. On June 12, 1821, he married, and obtained leave to bring his young wife into his rooms at the Royal Institution. There for forty-six years they lived together, occupying the suite of apartments which had been previously in the successive occupancy of Young, Davy, and Brande. At the time of her marriage Mrs. Faraday was twenty-one years of age, he being nearly thirty. Oersted, in 1820, discovered the action of a voltaic current on a magnetic needle; and immediately afterwards the splendid intellect of Ampere succeeded in showing that every magnetic phenomenon then known might be reduced to the mutual action of electric currents. This attrac ted Faradays attention to the subject. He read much about it; and in the months of July, August, and September he wrote a history of the progress of electromagnetism, which he published in ThomsonsShow MoreRelated Michael Faraday Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Faraday could be labeled the underdog of modern science. The son of a poor blacksmith, Faraday was no stranger to hard work, which was perhaps the exact opposite of many of his contemporaries, who came from wealthy backgrounds and studied science as a sort of extracurricular activity. Although Faraday was unsuccessful when it came to money, he was very successful in the field of science, namely electric science. One of his most important discoveries is that of electro-magnetic inductionRead MoreMichael Faraday And The Chemistry World1650 Words   |  7 PagesFor my term paper I have chosen to study the works of Michael Faraday, a very significant name in the Chemistry world especially in understanding electrochemistry and electromagnetism. He had a number of accomplishments over his career including writing a manual of practical chemistry, discovered a large number of new organic compounds, as well as liquefying what was thought to be a permanent solid. His largest discovery, and what I will be discussing in this paper is his advancements in the worldRead MoreApplications Of Faraday s Law Of Electromagnetic Induction1933 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscovery of electromagnetic induction has numerous industrial, technological, medical and other applications that we enco unter every day. Induction is used in power generation and power transmission two main uses. Out of the many applications of faradays laws four applications was looked at on how they works and also how they are constructed showing structural diagrams. These are the transformer, the generator, induction cooker and the magnetic flow meter. TableRead MoreEssay on Michael Faraday: His Life and the Liquefaction of Gases2196 Words   |  9 PagesMichael Faraday: His Life and the Liquefaction of Gases Michael Faraday was born on September 22nd, 1791, at Newington in Surrey, England to a Sandemanian family (Crowther, 7). The Sandemanians were an almost unknown off-shoot of the Presbyterian Church. Faraday was baptized in the Church but only became an official member in 1821. His religion was an important part of his life, though it featured little in his work (Crowther, 25-26 and Day, 28). From an early age Faraday showed a passion forRead MoreFaraday689 Words   |  3 Pagespictures. The picture created of the life and work from the obituary, in The Times, 28 August 1867, p.7,(Assignment Book, 2008), is a very obscure one. An individual reading this extract would find it difficult to know exactly what Michael Faraday had invented, or discovered. There is no exact knowledge, no mention of creation, nothing to indicate unique developments from his life. The main information in this prose of Faradays life is that of his ability of being a showman an entertainerRead MoreFaradays Law1667 Words   |  7 PagesLaw In 1820 Hans Christian Oersted observed that electric currents create magnetic fields. Consequently many scientists made unsuccessful attempts to create current in the presence of magnetic fields. After over 10  years of investigation Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry, working independently on different sides of the Atlantic, made the discovery that if a conducting coil has a changing magnetic flux passing through it an electromotive force is created that causes a current to flow through the coilRead MoreFaradays Law of Induction1124 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Faradays Law of Induction PHY 114 Lab Report 11/05/2013 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to look at Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry showed in the 1830’s that a changing magnetic field could cause and induced emf electromotive force = voltage in a circuit. Practically, this means that when a copper pick-up coil is placed inside a solenoid whose magnetic field varies with time, current will flow in this coil even if there is no voltage source physically connected to it. ThisRead MoreThe Origin Of Electricity And Magnetism1023 Words   |  5 Pagesto have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a stormy night. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand indicated that lightning was very much electrical in nature.6 Michael Faraday s discoveries formed the building blocks of electric motor technology. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectricity, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which nerve cells passed signals to the muscles.5AlessandroRead MoreThe Story Of Electricity Is Told By Al Khalili Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesnamed the age of invention, electricity has become more extremely useful such that society has moved from steam power to electrical power and allows us to produce a seemingly unlimited amount of electricity. In London in the 19th century, Michael Faraday went to the Royal Institution to watch the show of Humphry Davey. He was then later appointed by Davey into the Royal Institution about a year later to pursue experiments of electricity and magnetism. Faraday’s experiments concluded that electricityRead MoreEssay Electromagnetic Induction1369 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Faraday was a chemist and physicist from England. He invent ed electromagnetic induction in 1831. Electromagnetic induction as defined by Stuart Bushong is: An electric current is induced in a circuit if some part of that circuit is in a changing magnetic field. This observation is summarized in what is called Faraday’s Law, or the first law of electromagnetics. After a series of different experiments, Faraday determined that an electrical current cannot exist just by the presence of

Globalization of Enterprise Free Essays

2012 Nigel. S. Paltoo – A11904 10/9/2012 Globalization of Enterprise 715 GE Source:Flikr. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization of Enterprise or any similar topic only for you Order Now com ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET(to be completed by the student)| AIB student ID number:| A11904| | | Student name:| NIGEL. S. PALTOO| | | Course name:| MBA -GENERIC| | | Subject name:| Globalization of Enterprise 715-GE| | | Subject facilitator:| Dr. Brian O’Toole| | | Teaching Centre:| NATIONS UNIVERSITY-GUYANA| | | No. of pages:| 17| | | Word count:| 2708 from Intro to Conclusion (2500 +10% tolerance) | | | DECLARATION| I, the above named student, confirm that by submitting, or causing the attached assignment to be submitted, to AIB, I have not plagiarised any other person’s work in this assignment and except where appropriately acknowledged, this assignment is my own work, has been expressed in my own words, and has not previously been submitted for assessment. | ASSESSMENT SHEET(to be completed by the examiner)| Student name:| NIGEL. S. PALTOO| | | Course name:| MBA -GENERIC| | | Subject name:| Globalization of Enterprise 715-GE| | | Assessor/marker:| | | | COMMENTS| Principles learnt (for example, number and understanding of principles referred to, their influence on the structure of this paper, number and correct citations of  references, use of appropriate jargon)     | | /4| | | Application of principles. That is, the  analysis and evaluation of the example problem based on the principles, including the final recommendations and their justification| | | /8| | | How well the example problem was described, including the extent and depth of information (including the data) about it that was accessed| | | /4| | | Structure and presentation| | | /2| | | Style, grammar   and language| | | /2| | | Total | | Less penalties| | GRAND TOTAL| /20| General comments| | | | FOR MODERATOR’S USE ONLY| I agree with the assessor’s assessment I disagree with the assessor’s assessment and the new mark is as follows for the following reasons: | /20| | Moderator:| | NATIONS UNIVERSITY–GUYANA ®AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS-MBA  ®GLOBALIZATION OF ENTERPRISE-715 GEASSIGNMENT Comparing and contrasting two countries for international expansion into by local apparel company Denmor Garment Manufacturers. | Assignment: You are the manager of a business (in your country or region) that is thinking of going global. Compare and contrast two different overseas markets for the international expansion of your business, covering a consideration of: 1 †¢ Political economy issues †¢ Cultural issues 3 †¢ Entry strategy 4 †¢ Strategic alliances Start your assignment with a very brief description of the entrepreneurial business that you are writing about. This business can be your own business or one that you are familiar with, or it can be a hypothetical one based on an amalgam of several businesses of which you are aware. Conclude the assignment with whether the business should go to one or the other of the two countries, or non e, or both. The total number of words should be 2500 words. For penalties regarding exceeding the word limit, please refer to AIB Style Guide. For guidance on how to write an assignment, please refer to AIB Assignment Guide. Please note, the word count does not include your cover page, an abstract, table of contents, list of references or appendices. Thus you can place any supporting material that exceeds this word limit into appendices. However, a reader should not have to look at an appendix to know about the main thrust of the points you are making in your assignment. So make sure all your main points are in the body of your report and refer there to the appendices that will support the points you are making in the body of your report, because the reader may not look at the appendices otherwise. Abstract: In the last quarter of the 20th century to present day the world economy has become more integrated and interdependent than ever before, with businesses both large and small expanding beyond their traditional local markets as barriers to world trade came down and technology advanced resulting in significantly lower communication and transportation costs. This phenomenal change in the international environment in which business is conducted has resulted in increased levels of foreign direct investment by companies from developed countries in lesser developed economies such as the Third World as economic benefits were sought through the globalization of production as well as markets. (Hill 2011, p. 5) With the benefits being widely seen to outweigh the disadvantages smaller companies are looking for the arrangements internationally that would best serve their interests of growth and expansion with companies from lesser developed countries now also looking to capitalize as well by creating synergies at the basic level by expanding their market horizons overseas, penetrating first and expanding as demand and relationships develop. This shift in the world economy towards greater integration and interdependence is one way of describing Globalization (Hill 2011, p. ). Globalization can be seen as the increase of functional integration between internationally dispersed economic activities, which is quite recent, as opposed to the older phenomenon of â€Å"Internationalization† which refers to the geographic spread of economic activities across borders and oceans which started in the 17th century when the colonial powers started dividing up continents in the New World in search of raw materials and markets (Devaraja 2011). In Guyana, the more established companies have been seeking avenues to expand their markets overseas through exports and by establishing lower level strategic alliances. Hardly any local company has sought to globalize its production to increase its profitability. For any company looking to embark on international venture the interdependent political, economic and legal systems of the target country along with its underlying cultural fabric must be examined and analyzed in detail before any investment is made (Hill 2011, p. 45). In Guyana, a small English speaking, third world country in South America, the more established manufacturing companies have been seeking avenues to expand their markets first through exports and also by establishing lower level strategic alliances overseas. Denmor Garment Manufacturers (DGM) is one such SME within the apparel industry in Guyana that has benefited from the effects of Globalization by having contracts to manufacture specific designs from companies owning major brand names in the USA (which are looking to lower their production costs) as well as by exporting directly to major retailers overseas. Table of Contents| Page. | 1. 0 Introduction| 9| 2. 0 Denmor Garment Manufacturers| 9| 3. 0 Current Situation with DGM| 10| 3. 0 The challenge of international expansion| 11| 4. 0 Political and Economy Issues| 12| 5. 0 Cultural Issues| 15| 6. 0 Entry Strategies| 16| 7. 0 Conclusion| 17| Bibliography| 18| 1. 0 Introduction: The aim of this research is to analyze the potential of two countries short listed as possible candidates for the further international expansion of DGM. These two options are reviewed in the perspective of the main issues that have to be taken into account when considering business expansion into foreign markets viz Political economy issues, Cultural issues, Entry strategy and Strategic alliances with the state of affairs in both countries being compared and contrasted with a decision being arrived at as to whether to expand into one, both or none of the two countries. It would be impossible to look at all aspects of the Socio-Economic, Cultural and Political landscape of the countries being considered therefore only the reas most likely to have an impact on DGMs’ venture are considered in the context of the nature of its business and the products on offer. Denmor Garment Manufacturers (DGM): Location: 7, 8, 9 Coldigen Industrial Estate, East Coast Demerara, Guyana. DGM is a private company in Guyana which commenced operations in 1997 and currently employs 1000 persons of which 97 % are women. Denmor has the capacity to respon d to orders of up to 50,000 dozens of garments per month, and can produce up to 15 different styles at the same time. Approximately 75 percent of Denmor’s activities involve full production (where the manufacturer manages all aspects except design), demonstrating an ability to carry out value-added manufacturing activities and supply-chain management. 100 percent of its products are exported, with its customers including some of the world’s leading brands and department stores, including Russell Athletic, Victoria’s Secret, Paris Accessories, Van Heusen, JC Penny and Wal-Mart. (Goinvest n. d) 2. 0 Current Situation with DGM: As it is DGM is presently a small part of a buyer driven value chain environment where the large retailers, marketers and brand name manufacturers have established a diverse decentralized network of production in third world and developing countries and are leveraging at the design and retail stages (Devaraja 2011). Having had a fair degree of success from its operations and acquired considerable know-how from its alliances DGM is looking to expand its market base and production capacity but is constrained locally by the limited supply of labour for any new factory and weak local demand for beach wear and sport uniforms. The key processes of DGM’s operation are very labour intensive involving the cutting of fabric and making of components by sewing machine and assembling into final product, this requires a semi-skilled to skilled level of labour. The challenge facing DGM is to remain a competitive player and to be able to increase profitability either by getting a bigger bite of the value chain from the companies overseas (expanding more into full production),developing its own brands or by securing new large brand name manufacturer customers and orders. It is therefore important that DGM look to increase its factory capacity while at the same time keeping costs down thereby increasing attractiveness to buyers. Faced with a limited labour supply and a high cost of energy and sometimes erratic power supply for sewing machines and air-conditioned factories it has become critical that DGM seriously consider the alternative of moving overseas. After much consideration DGM’s management has concluded that the area with greatest growth potential would be to expand using its own designs and brands. DGM has acquired significant expertise in the production of high end female underwear and in athletic uniforms from producing Victoria’s Secret products and Russell Athletic brand uniforms for the US NBA and is confident that it can tap into the supply chain for fabrics and using its own design team produce a new line of female underwear, beachwear and generic soccer uniforms that would have a higher quality and a far cheaper price, however in Guyana it is constrained by weak local demand and labour supply. . 0 The challenge of international expansion: Like any other firm contemplating international trade is faced with three strategic decisions about which countries to enter, when to enter and at what scale the entry would be. Consideration would have to be given to potential opportunities as well as areas of risk which must be closely analysed (Hill 2011). The countries selected for consideration would first be compared and contrasted with their distinct political, economic and cultural realities being looked at then options relating to possible entry strategy (ies) will considered along with strategic alliances that may be advantageous or required The two countries being considered for expansion into are Brazil and Trinidad. Before these two countries would have been brought up for further consideration they would have been on a longer list of potential candidates he rest of which would have been eliminated with Brazil and Trinidad meeting the basic criteria of having a significantly larger population than Guyana, they are both developing countries (better off economically than Guyana), with a free market system in place, manageable national debt and single digit inflation rates and both countries are geographically close by. A decision has been made that once the two options are found to be acceptable then entry into that market will be made within six months. Map of South America and Southern Caribbean Islands showing Brazil, Guyana and Trinidad Tobago. Source: www. worldatlas. com Political economy issues: Brazil and Trinidad are both democracies, having had free and fair elections for the past two decades. Both countries currently have female presidents. Brazil is a Federal republic consisting of twenty-six states the smallest of which is far larger than Trinidad which is a twin island republic with a sister island Tobago. Both countries can be considered politically stable with the most recent incidence of serious turmoil being twenty two years ago when Trinidad had a failed coup with members of the Jamaat al Muslimeem trying to seize power. Individualism is respected in both countries but more so in Trinidad. Indicator| Brazil| Trinidad| Size | 3,287,357 square miles| 1,980 square miles | Population| 197 million (2011 est. )| 1. 3 million (2011 est. )| | | | Government| Federative Republic| Democratic Republic| Legal System| Brazil is a former colony of Portugal. The Brazilian legal system is based on Civil Law. | Former British colony. The legal and judicial system is based on English common law and practice. | ECONOMIC| Brazil| Trinidad| GDP| GDP USD $2. 45 trillion Brazil is the sixth largest economy in the world. | USD $ 24. 63 billion| GDP per Capita| USD $4,803| USD $16,699| GNI per Capita| USD $11,500| USD $24,940| Exchange rate| BRL 1. 00= GYD $100. 00| TT $1. 00 = GYD $30. 00| Inflation | 5. 24 %| 5. 4%| Reserves| US$ 349. 708 billion| US$ 9. 692 billion| Debt as a % of GDP| 65. 1%| 37. 3%| Unemployment| 6%| 5. 5%| Source: Communicaid and Central Intelligence Agency World Fact book and www. tradingeconomics. com The data presented indicates that both Brazil and Trinidad are about as politically stable as Guyana with both countries being economically better off. However in Brazil there is a greater divide between rich and poor and a higher level of crime relative to Guyana and Trinidad. Both Brazil and Trinidad are currently experiencing low levels of inflation and unemployment Brazil unlike Trinidad has a tax on financial transactions; Brazil is far more bureaucratic when it comes to starting a business taking up to six months to get all the paperwork done whereas in Trinidad it is considerably easier and should only take one to two months. In Brazil getting certain legal permissions for establishing a business expedited may require the payment of bribes. There are no limits to repatriation of registered capital and no taxes on profits repatriated from both countries. DGM would have to consider the higher level of bureaucracy in Brazil when it comes to getting things started (which creates opportunities for bribes to be extorted) as compared to Trinidad. A business class visa is required for investing and doing business in Brazil with a minimum level of investment being USD $50,000 being required. A Guyanese can transact and conduct business in Trinidad without a visa; however a work permit would be required. In Brazil it may be necessary to hire a middleman (despachante) to navigate the maze of bureaucracy. (CIA World fact book 2012, Communicaid 2012). On the key issue of protection of property rights both Brazil and Trinidad have legal provisions for the protection of real assets and intellectual property rights, both countries having signed international agreements, however, the judiciary in Brazil is inefficient and subject to political as well as economic influence with piracy of copyright material being fairly widespread. Brazil presents a higher degree of risk due to lower levels of property rights protection. Trinidad unlike Brazil is a member of CARICOM just like Guyana which allows free trade among members. There is a free trade zone in Manaus in Brazil. Taxation in Brazil is extremely complex and not as uniform as in Trinidad. Cost of labour in both Trinidad and Brazil is higher than in Guyana but is more available. Cost of energy is cheaper in both countries relative to Guyana. (CIA World fact book 2012, Communicaid 2012). Politically and economically there are fewer challenges for DGM to expand to Trinidad as compared to Brazil, however with inflation levels and unemployment levels being almost equal and exchange rates being stable there is still a degree of attractiveness to expand to Brazil if ways around the red tape can be achieved. CULTURAL ISSUES: Cultural differences can present a variety of problems when looking to conduct business in foreign markets; from language barriers, employee behaviour and work ethic to strategic planning, it is therefore essential that entrepreneurs familiarise themselves with more than just the laws governing a society and obtain an understanding of the underlying values,norms and mores so as to be able to discern what is different and what is the same, what is acceptable and what maybe considered taboo or disrespectful. (Hill 2011) Trinidad is an English speaking Caribbean country with a diverse multi ethnic society that has fused relatively well into a distinct â€Å"Trini† culture with a mix of East Indian, African, European and American influences, religion is mainly Christian, Hinduism and Islam. Carnival is celebrated annually with Soca and Calypso music, elaborate costumes and floats, parades and beach parties over a one week period. Trinidad like Brazil is very nationalistic and proud of their country and its national symbols and flag colours. Trinidad is also a soccer crazy nation but not to the extreme as Brazil. There is a strong American influence in the way business is conducted in Trinidad which is very much alike with the way meetings and other business dealings are conducted in Guyana; however it is somewhat different in Brazil. Brazil is Portuguese speaking with a far larger population who are predominantly Roman Catholic, however just like Trinidad there is an annual Carnival and a strong soccer and beach culture since Brazil has some of the most attractive beaches on South America’s Eastern Atlantic coastline and year round sunny weather. There are more cultural issues to be considered by DGM in looking to expand to Brazil than Trinidad (CIA World fact book 2012, US Commercial Service-US Department of Commerce 2012). Brazilians do not like to discuss business during lunch whereas that would be ok in Trinidad, coffee drinking is a ritual in Brazil whereas having a semi formal meeting over beers or whiskey is normal in Trinidad. There are a few hand signals acceptable in Guyana and Trinidad like the â€Å"OK† that would be considered insulting in Brazil (Communicaid Group Ltd 2012). It would therefore be a bit more challenging from a cultural perspective for DGM to do business in Brazil as compared to Trinidad. Both countries have a well developed tourism industry with visitors from the US and Europe looking for differentiated products with unique designs, fabrics and colour. Although both countries presently have female presidents, males dominate business as such initial business meetings should be male led, but with DGM trading in the female apparel industry including a female during negotiations would be wise. Entry Strategy: Having made a decision to expand to another country the management would need to consider all the risks and decide on the timing, mode and scale of entry to be adopted (Hill, 2011). In entering a foreign market there are six modes of entry that a firm can consider each with advantages and disadvantages ranging from Exporting, Turnkey contracts,Licensing,Joint Ventures to Wholly Owned Subsidiary. (Hill 2011,p. 32) Brazil presents a more challenging environment both politically, economically and culturally but DGM should not rule out expansion into the Brazilian marketplace since the sheer size of its population and proximity to Guyana offers immense potential, however, at this time DGM should look at exporting finished products by finding a wholesale distributor with a wide network of resellers to export beachwear to and also seek to market team uniforms directly to soccer teams especially in the lower divisions and have a local representative do meetings and collect s izes and measurements etc. ith delivery being done through this intermediary but with payments being remitted by bank transfers directly to DGM. By going the export route to Brazil import tariffs would be an additional cost as opposed to having a factory in the Manaus free trade zone, as such DGM should gauge the acceptance of its offerings and then look to develop strategic alliances at the manufacturing level later on if market conditions indicate the potential for higher profitability. DGM should be prudent in its business arrangements and look to secure transactions using letters of credit until levels of trust are established. In Trinidad DGM should look to develop a joint venture with a suitable partner who has excess warehousing space suitable for establishing a garment factory thereby reducing the level of capital investment required, register its brands in Trinidad, establish a small scale factory and produce both beachwear and soccer and other sport uniforms in Trinidad and market both to the local Trinidad market and export to the distributors in Brazil and further afield. Strategic alliances would also be needed to market products across Trinidad as such a partner with appropriate channels already in place would be useful at the entry phase. A strategic alliance with a business in an unrelated industry that has excess building space would be preferred to one that is in the same industry with spare labour and machine capacity due to the risk of having that partner appropriating designs and customers. Timing of these two ventures is important, however with the slow pace at which negotiations and business dealings flow in Brazil it may be prudent to start interim talks with potential distributors at the same time as getting the joint venture arrangement and factory setup in Trinidad. Products would be differentiated in both markets according to designs and colors, more revealing beachwear is acceptable in Brazil and labeling would have to be in Portuguese as such a multi-domestic approach would be necessary with products being made specifically for each of the two markets with a slight overlap. This strategy should not be too costly given that the slight differences between products do not require different skills and machines and the designs for the Brazilian market would require less material but have the same selling price. Conclusion: The beach and athletic wear segment of the apparel market is already established in both countries, as such there is no first mover advantage to be gained, however DGM is confident that it can secure a niche by supplying an overall better quality product (stitchwork,design,fabric) at a far lower price. Brazil which has the largest potential market has relatively more political economy and cultural barriers which increase the levels of risk and possibility for failure so DGM should be cautious when expanding into this market. Trinidad on the other hand has much more political economy and cultural similarities with Guyana and this would allow for easier entry, allowing DGM to be more aggressive, which could end up solving the production capacity problems for DGM to meet the anticipated new demand when the export channels into Brazil open up which would in turn satisfy the present need for a wider market base. If both of these expansions come to fruition DGM can expect growth in demand and profitability over the long term with economic benefits accruing to each of the three countries. Bibliography: CIA World fact book, Trinidad 2012, viewed 1 October 2012, https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/td. html CIA World fact book, Brazil 2012, viewed 1 October 2012, Communicaid Group Ltd. 2012, Doing Business in Brazil- Brazilian Social and Business Culture UK, London, viewed 30 September 2012 http://www. communicaid. com/access/pdf/library/culture/doing-business-in/Doing%20Business%20in%20Brazil. pdf. Devaraja, Dr. T. S 2011, Indian Textile and Garment Industry-An Overview, University of Mysore, viewed 30 September 2012 http://sibresearch. rg/uploads/2/7/9/9/2799227/working_paper_-_dr_devaraja. pdf Goinvest 2012, Denmor Garment Manufacturers: Competing in the Global Garment Industry, viewed 29 September 2012 http://www. goinvest. gov. gy/manufacturing. html Hill, CWL 2010, Global Business Today, 7th edn, McGraw Hill, Boston US Commercial Service-US Department of Commerce 2012, Doing Business In Trinidad and Tobago: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies, viewed 1 October 2012, http://trinidad. usembassy. gov/uploads/images/bLR3mH7MwdrEvCke0jB6Tw/CCG2006. pdf End of Assignment. How to cite Globalization of Enterprise, Essay examples

Occurred In The United States Of America †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Occurred In The United States Of America? Answer: Introduction At the finish of the year 2007, a recession occurred in the United States of America (Cetorelli, Goldberg, 2012). The author (Hurd, Rohwedder, 2010) recognized that a healthy economy would experience a future season of slow growth, high growth or even no growth at all. In accordance to (Eisner, Pieper, 1984) economy is required to manifest both contraction and expansion to make the economy as healthy as possible. After the contracting period has dominated for a long period, for instance not less than six months in a row or two successive quarters of a year the economy is worth being considered as a recession. According to (NBER, 2010) National Bureau of Economic Research (2010) found recession and referred to it as "a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in the real gross domestic product (GDP), real income, employment, industrial production and wholesale-retail sales." The recession in the United States in the past has resulted in global financial crisis smashing consumers and business assurance in several countries like Japan, China, the European Union not excluding the Asian countries in accordance to (Baldwin, 2009). Due to these adverse effects, it has been branded a name which refers to it as the "Great Recession" that has been the reason behind the financial breakdown in the United States. Also, this breakdown spread-out very fast impacting almost every place in the world as (Bell, Blanchflower, 2011) states. This Great Recession had emerged to be the most dangerous economic slump since the world experienced the famous depression the world underwent after the World War II (Eichengreen, Orourke, 2009) As per economists, the incident of the great recession was brought about by the sudden bursting of house bubble in the United States of America. They claim that this house bubble bursting was instigated by speedy growth of indecorous control on subprime mortgages (Cetorelli, Goldberg, 2012). The great slump's occurrence has developed and shown the accuracy of Greenspan's forecast. Greenspan was the former chairman of Federal Reserve forecasting the United States has 1/3 chances or the possibility of attaining a recession at the completion of the year 2007(Koo, 2011). In an exercise to obtain proper insight of the great recession into details, grounds or roots and the repercussions of the downturn will be evaluated and analyzed under following topics or sub-headings. Roots of the Great Recession A lot of challenges had faced the United States at that moment of recession not excluding high record levels of the debts of the government, a plummeting dollar, forthcoming threats of a recession, banks which are at the edge of bankruptcy, a money market which is frozen and a stock market which is falling (Koo, 2011). In accordance to (Jenkins, Brandolini, Micklewright, Nolan,2012) factors like global imbalances, rates of interests, the perception of risks, and even regulation financial system highly impacted the global financial crisis. Housing crash United States Housing market is a key factor of consumers expenditure and the degree of economic growth (). Several determinants affect the house price making it increase much rapidly the incomes of the consumers, and therefore it became. Therefore, it became the global financial crisis that resulted in the extra valued assets (Koo, 2011). (Jenkins, Brandolini, Micklewright, Nolan,2012) Discussed that United States House Prices were raised very fast up to 2006 and after that undergone a decline of house prices. At a time, a house price decrements to rectify an imbalance, it contained a meaningful effect on the consumers who were using their expenditure where individuals are not able to remortgage to get an excess capital for use (Bell, Blanchflower, 2011). Sub-Prime Mortgage Burst No single regulation of subprime mortgages existed of which the mortgages industries could sell their mortgages having not considered if the consumers could be in a position to pay back according to (Taylor, Proao, de Carvalho, Barbosa, 2012). (Bell, Blanchflower, 2011) Approximated the worth of the United States subprime mortgages to be $1.3 trillion by March 2007, though there existed more than 7.5 million first-alien mortgages unsettled. The reason behind this was that the subprime mortgage was speared to almost 20% of overall mortgage originations throughout the pinnacle of the United States housing bubble . The great fraction of the subprime mortgages was brought about by enormous foreclosures, and therefore it highly impacted the impartial mortgage brokers and institutions which were not protected under the Community Reinvestment Act (Jenkins, Brandolini, Micklewright, Nolan,2012). Therefore, it was circuitously affected leading to a sluggish growth and went ahead to falling on consumer expenditure in addition to their investment (Bell, Blanchflower, 2011). Low rate of interest The United States monetary authorities had attuned the rates of interest at an unparalleled level which resulted in a debt-financed consumption prosperity, in turn, causing a boost in housing bubble this is in accordance to the economists (Jenkins, Brandolini, Micklewright, Nolan,2012). In the same manner, some of the economists contended that the rates of interest in the United States remained too low for a very long duration. It endured at 1 % in the year 2003 and 2004 which stimulated the great recession. Monetary policies of the United States of America has not succeeded in undertaking the extra valued asset bubble and concurrently took part in the fast growth of the sub-marine mortgages, (Taylor, Proao, de Carvalho, Barbosa, 2012) criticized. Credit crunch High sub-marine mortgage evasions in the United States had led to the credit crunch which meant an unexpected shortage of funds leading to decrements in the loans present as commented by (Eisner, Pieper, 1984). In accordance to (Taylor, Proao, de Carvalho, Barbosa, 2012)), several investments banks and even commercial banks were often faced with great losses because of most perilous mortgage loans. For this reason, most banks (commercial banks and investment banks) were very hesitant to give loans to anyone and even to any other bank having a shortage of fund in the money market (Eisner, Pieper, 1984). Deficiency of liquidity in the finance industry had led to the act of borrowing to be more hard and costly that had led to a reduced consumer expenditure and investment as per (Taylor, Proao, de Carvalho, Barbosa, 2012). Budget deficit and national debt The debt for the United States government stood at 65% of the Grand Domestic Product for the year 2007 and even became worse after that the when the liabilities for pension were encompassed in accordance to (Alesina, Tabellini, 1990). Considering that huge deficit, the United States Government remained with less opportunity for the expansionary fiscal policy bearing in mind that the population analysis conducted against the financial stability and the level of economic cycle degenerated the deficit (Henning, Kessler, 2012). (Taylor, Proao, de Carvalho, Barbosa, 2012) Commented that the United States deficit had resulted to complexities in gaining capital flow since the investors from Asia who knew of the deficit of the United States had speeded down the flow of capital to the united states and took part in dollar devaluation. Therefore, it showed that a basic imbalance between the domestic production and consumption which had turned to be a restraint for economic growth in future. Devaluation of the dollar. Basic economic theory states that a decrement in the exchange rates will ultimately assist to increase the level of exports and trigger the growth in the export sector according to (Eisner, Pieper, 1984). The decrementing dollar had resulted in cost-push fluctuation and reduction in the living standards implying an increase in the cost of consumer goods resulting to a minimal expenditure power of people (Alesina, Tabellini, 1990). (Jenkins, Brandolini, Micklewright, Nolan,2012) commented that a reduction in the value of the dollar was brought about the less competitiveness of the United States in comparison with its trading member states. Repercussions of the great recession The economies across the world experienced catastrophes upon the fall of the United States recession in the year 2007. Countries like Eastern and Central Europe, and the Commonwealth of Independent countries (generally middle -income countries) were intensively impacted meanwhile nations like Ethiopia and Uganda had a chance to grow immensely in spite of the downturn (Henning, Kessler, 2012). (Bell, Blanchflower, 2011) Stated that even though several low-income nations have escaped from the recession, the countries have gone through sluggish-growth in the economy because of the negative implications of poverty. (Alesina, Tabellini, 1990) argued commenting that the smaller and more open the economy, the stronger the hit from the great recession while the larger the upcoming economy of a country the more the chances of survival through the support gained from the government spending and domestic demand. (Jenkins, Brandolini, Micklewright, Nolan,2012) Recognized that India and China could recover faster than other countries from the great recession. Stated that the great recession had resulted in different impacts on various nations and states. After that, an analytical investigation concerning the consequences of the great recession in the United States and India are outlined below. The united states The United States labor market received effect caused by the great recession according to (Katz, 2010, April). (Hurd, Rohwedder, 2010) Records that even though the government had attuned the rate of inflation leading to the growth of the economy by 2009 Quarter 3 at 2.2%, 2009 Quarter 4 at 5.6% and 2010 Quarter 1 at 2.7%, the rate of joblessness had exceedingly remained high. The rate of unemployment had increased in June 2009 where it was 9.5% to 10.1% in October 2009. In June 2010, it reduced to 9.5%( Hurd, Rohwedder, 2010). The missing link between demand and supply of employees was displayed in the statistics like the rate of hiring, and the rate of layoff as the rate of unemployment can be shown by a Beveridge curve (Bell, Blanchflower, 2011). (Hurd, Rohwedder, 2010) commented that with the present mean number of a job opening in April and May, the jobless were expected to be 10.4million in place of 15 million as earlier anticipated. Arguments from several financial analysts stated that the unemployment benefit policies are to be accountable for the strangely high rates of unemployment (Katz, 2010, April). () Approximated that the comprehensive unemployment benefits may have augmented between 0.5% and 1.8% of the rate of unemployment. Author (Taylor, Proao, de Carvalho, Barbosa, 2012) commented that there exists a fervent possibility of high rates of unemployment to stay permanent because most individuals who have stayed out of work for a considerable period have turned to be less competitive and less productive in the job market. The high rates of unemployment are inclined to increment the stage of structural unemployment in a case of presence of weak policy. Therefore, inflation will eventually increase the upper rates of unemployment than ever. Conclusion Every single country in the age of globalization is impacted by rising and fall in the work economy where a country can never remain independent (Jenkins, Brandolini, Micklewright, Nolan,2012). The great recession has led to an enormous impact on the entire world for instance shortage of capital, the decline in demands, decrementing rate of growth of the economy in addition to high levels of unemployment (Taylor, Proao, de Carvalho, Barbosa, 2012). On the contrary, it can aid in the transformation of businesses viewpoint or the country for the future. Even though the great recession has slowed down or depreciated the process of growth, it has been a motivation to the generation of ideas and approaches triggering the growth of the economy and keeping the stability of the market to improve its competitiveness in the world. References Hurd, M. D., Rohwedder, S. (2010).Effects of the financial crisis and great recession on American households(No. w16407). National Bureau of Economic Research. Cetorelli, N., Goldberg, L. S. (2012). Liquidity management of US global banks: Internal capital markets in the great recession.Journal of International Economics,88(2), 299-311. Baldwin, R. E. (Ed.). (2009).The great trade collapse: Causes, consequences and prospects. Cepr. Eichengreen, B., Orourke, K. H. (2009). A tale of two depressions.VoxEU. org,1. Bell, D. N., Blanchflower, D. G. (2011). Young people and the Great Recession.Oxford Review of Economic Policy,27(2), 241-267. Koo, R. C. (2011).The Holy Grail of Macroeconomics: Lessons from Japan? s Great Recession. John Wiley Sons. Jenkins, S. P., Brandolini, A., Micklewright, J., Nolan, B. (Eds.). (2012).The great recession and the distribution of household income. OUP Oxford. Katz, L. (2010, April). Long-term unemployment in the Great Recession. InTestimony for the Joint Economic Committee, US Congress, April(Vol. 29). Alesina, A., Tabellini, G. (1990). A positive theory of fiscal deficits and government debt.The Review of Economic Studies,57(3), 403-414. Eisner, R., Pieper, P. J. (1984). A new view of the federal debt and budget deficits.The American Economic Review,74(1), 11-29. Taylor, L., Proao, C. R., de Carvalho, L., Barbosa, N. (2012). Fiscal deficits, economic growth and government debt in the USA.Cambridge Journal of Economics,36(1), 189-204. Henning, C. R., Kessler, M. (2012). Fiscal federalism: US history for architects of Europe's fiscal union.

The Ethical Implications of Zimbardo’s Prison Simulation Experiment in Today’s Modern Context Essay Example

The Ethical Implications of Zimbardo’s Prison Simulation Experiment in Today’s Modern Context Essay If a psychologist were to re-conduct an experiment involving a setup similar to Zimbardo’s famous 1960s prison-simulation experiment, he or she will no doubt encounter a lot of issues and be the culprit of many ethical violations. There is, first and foremost, the matter of employing state police to â€Å"arrest† the participants form their homes, search and handcuff them, and bring them via police car to the â€Å"prison†. Not only is this a direct violation of the participants’ rights to be informed of at least the most basic details regarding the experiment, but also subjects them to shame and public humiliation. One is led to ask, then: is such humiliation and de-moralizing necessary to maintain the integrity of the experiment?Another issue the setup will have to face is the matter of giving the participants the right to withdraw from the experiment any time they wish to do so. Since the participants were not informed that the â€Å"arrest† is a ctually the prelude to the experiment, they believed that it was actual, and as such, they failed top invoke their right to withdraw from it. The participants, namely the prisoners, then had to contend with sub-human living conditions and maltreatment from the hands of the â€Å"prison guards†; this when they could have opted out had they been more informed of the nature of the exercise.Finally, the matter regarding the validity of the experimental setup will have to be confronted. The experimental setup, harsh as it was, did not accurately portray the nuances of prison life, where inmates are most often forced to commit graver acts like involuntary homosexuality, drug use and abuse, and ganging up on others, not because they derive pleasure out of these acts, but because this is the â€Å"culture† prevalent in prisons, and they have to do what they can to abide by it so that they may simply survive within it.

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buy custom Fast food essay Dimensions of Wellness Charles Corbin of Arizona University defines wellness as a multidimensional state of being that describes existence of positive health as shown by the individuals quality of life and a sense of well-being. Good health is important to every individual and it involves more than just good dietary habits. For a better health, there are 6 dimensions of wellness and they include social, emotional, physical, spiritual, mental and environmental health, we will explore them individually. Social wellness Human beings are social animals and thus need to build and maintain satisfying relations. To be socially well, we ought to increase our ability to interact with people and their ideas, accept and understand diverse cultural norms, enhance our interpersonal communication skills and adapt a positive image. Emotional wellness Emotional wellness is defined as our ability to accept and cope with our own feelings as well as other peoples feelings. Some of the symptoms of emotional problems like depression, anxiety or hopelessness may not be easily detected but can cause dire consequences. Physical wellness Wellness of the body refers to the compositions, functions, maintenance and functions of the body. To ensure good physical health; We should eat nutritious foods to help keep the body and mind energized. Avoid taking addictive substances Arresting earlier illness stages by having regular medical check-up and taking the right precautions Spiritual wellness Being spiritually healthy is essential for the good health of the body. Spiritual health is termed as the process of seeking meaning and purpose of life. Our personal beliefs and values, our acceptance or rejection of creation refer to the spiritual health dimension. Mental wellness Mental wellness involves the ability to develop knowledge and skills, helping us to enhance our lives. Lack of mental wellness includes depression and anxiety. Mental wellness can be promoted by good physical activity, good nutrition, reducing stress and being optimistic. Environmental wellness This entails leading a lifestyle that is respectful of the environment we live in. it involves respecting nature and everything in it and the people who live in that environment. Signs of good environment wellness include conserving energy, avoiding polluting the earth, recycling and conserving energy (National Wellness Institute). Fast food We live in a demanding fast paced life that has resulted in poor nutrition choices. Fast food has become the alternative source of nutrition that has fit into our fast paced life. Fast food is slowly becoming a staple food in American diet. Health exerts have been warning people on the effects of fast food. It is a known fact that fast food causes obesity and tiredness. I have been a victim too of fast food products and I have ended gaining 10 more kilograms and the doctor warned me that if I continued taking fast food, I risked my life. How fast food affects the above dimension wellness The National Bureau of Economic Research details how fast foods can affect our well being. Social wellness It has been found that the people who consume fast food love taking their food while watching television. Also, by advertising, media has the biggest role in promoting fast food products. The people who love fast food thus keep to themselves and watch more television instead of socializing and as a result may lack social wellness. Emotional wellness Lack of social wellness may lead to emotional symptoms like depression as these people keep to themselves too much or watch more television instead of spending time with friends. Such chronic diseases like heart diseases and cancer may increase anxiety on the individual and deprive the individual of his/her emotional wellbeing. Physical wellness High consumption of fast food can lead to many chronic diseases and complication like obesity which may result in cancer, hypertension and insulin resistance. Most of the obese people cannot enjoy physical fitness as they eat unhealthy and cannot do physical exercise. We can prevent obesity by stopping consuming fast food products and instead promote healthy eating. Spiritual wellness Seeking to know why as an individual I was brought into the world will help one seek the deeper meaning of life and ones existence. By appreciating that as an individual I was created in a unique way, we will ensure that we live a healthy life and avoid the use of toxic substances that will hamper my wellbeing. Therefore, this will mean a reduced intake or totally avoiding fast food products that otherwise may cause obese with its associated chronic diseases. Mental wellness Fast food products will most definitely cause obese. Obese people are a depressed lot due to the fact that some will develop chronic diseases. The barriers to mental wellness include physical illness complicating the physical problem. The stigma associated with obese people makes it difficult for the disorder to be rectified and will remain a barrier to reach mental wellness. Environmental wellness Being of the fast paced society, most shoppers of fast food have their products in non-biodegradable plastic shopping bags. The bags never disappear but break into small pieces and wind up in the sea killing marine life. It is vital that we consider bringing our own cloth bags when shopping (The NNational Bureau of Economic Research). To have solid guidelines for making healthier choices at fast food restaurants, we need to follow the guidelines below to assist in preventing obesity and having a whole wellness dimensional state of a quality life and a sense of well-being. Control the potion size of fast food consumed Being very careful when selecting menu Eating mindfully Ordering healthy veggies and deserts Drinking enough water with meals Reading labels always before buying fast food. Part B responsible decision making skills Plan of action Getting all the parties involved to ensure that the intake of fast food products is reduced or abolished altogether and encourage a low diet in fat but high fiber. In this way we want to eliminate obesity especially to the young generation. Barriers to reaching the goal It will be almost impossible to convince fast food chains to reduce the amount of junk that is included in their foods. We will partner with the government to impose maximum amount of fats that they can sell to an individual. Parents influence on what their children take and thus it will be difficult convincing these children that their diet is not right. We will try to explain causes and effects of being obese and use the reasons to discourage them from taking fast food products. Background research Research done by Grier et al. (2007) shows that childhood obesity has become a major concern in our society as the rates of obesity among school going children has more than doubled in the past few years. Obese is associated with some chronic diseases and thus this is a public concern. As the society searches for solutions to this problem, food marketing and especially fast food products have come under close scrutiny. Advertisements on television have been targeting these young children. Recommended fat intake Fast food contains a lot of unnecessary calories with little nutritional value. To avoid taking unnecessary fats, instead we suggest making own sweets in form of carrot cookies, trail mixes and fruits instead of taking fast food products. Nutritional meals are also essential. In conclusion, I believe that by avoiding fast foods, we will live an abundant and healthy lifestyle able to enjoy all health dimensions. We can also avoid such conditions like obese which lead to chronic diseases. Although it may be hard to convince the fast food outlets on the consequences of fast food especially on teenagers, we should try to petition the government to ensure that the outlets have a maximum output on their packages. Buy custom Fast food essay

Lord of the Flies by William Golding - Book Review

'Lord of the Flies' by William Golding - Book Review Lord of the Flies, a 1954 story of savagery and survival by  William Golding, is considered a classic. Modern Library rates it the 41st best novel of all time. The story, which takes place during an undefined war, begins when a group of English schoolboys survive a plane crash and find themselves stranded on a desert island without any adults. This might seem like an enticing opportunity for any teen seeking freedom, but the group soon degenerates into a mob, terrorizing and even killing each other. The Plot Without the usual authority figures to direct the boys, they must fend for themselves. Ralph, one of the boys, takes on a leadership position. He knows little more than any of the others, but he manages to gather them in one place and is voted leader. At his side is the compassionate, clever, but fatally clumsy Piggy, a nicely rendered character who serves as Ralphs conscience.Ralphs election is contested by Jack, a cool customer with his own squadron of followers, a former choir under his leadership. Jack is a force of nature with intentions of leading hunting parties deep into the primordial jungle. With Piggys planning, Ralphs reluctant leadership and Jacks energy, the castaways establish a successful, thriving village, at least for a day or two. Soon, the few sensible efforts such as keeping a fire burning at all times fall by the wayside.Jack grows bored, restless and resentful of Ralphs leadership position. With his hunters in tow, Jack splits off from the main group. From there, the rest of the book consists of the descent of Jacks tribe into base brutality. As Jack successfully recruits more boys, Ralph becomes more isolated. Then, Jacks tribe kills Piggy his glasses smashed in a moment of symbolism, signaling the end of rational thought and civilized behavior. Pig Worship Jacks tribe hunts and kills a real pig, and sticks the head of the animal on a spear. Group members paint their faces and begin a frenzied worship of the pigs head, including sacrifices to the beast. Golding later explained that the pigs head the lord of the flies is literally translated from the biblical Hebrew, Beelzababug, which is another name for Satan. During this satanic worship, the boys kill one another of their own, Simon. The Rescue Jacks troop having honed their hunting skills move in on Ralph. There is no use appealing to their better nature now. They have abandoned all compassion. Ralph is cornered and seems a goner when suddenly an adult a naval officer arrives on the beach, with his uniform gleaming. His appearance puts everyone in a state of shock. The officer is disgusted with the savagery of the boys, but then he eyes his cruiser in the distance. He has saved the children from their violent world, but hes about to pile them onto a military vessel, where savagery and violence will ostensibly continue. Goldings description on the final page of the novel clarifies the symbolic overtones: The officer ... prepares to take the children off the island in a cruiser which will presently be hunting its enemy in the same implacable way. And who will rescue the adult and his cruiser?

Business Research Methods Part 3 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Research Methods Part 3 - Term Paper Example Another potential challenge lies in data collection and analysis. Sometimes the data might be outdated or the researcher may not be able to collect comprehensive data to carry out research. Another challenge is to prioritize and filter information from the data – both qualitative and quantitative. The researcher needs to abandon redundant information and include only those which are relevant to his or her research (Sittig et al, 2008). There may be several methods which a researcher may employ in order to reduce the challenges and increase the authenticity of data used in research. Here the researcher has conducted both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the healthcare dilemma in American households. One of them is to involve iterative methods and the refinement and development of analogies, typologies and other methods to analyze data (Fitzpatrick & Boulton 1996). This is extremely important especially when qualitative methods of data collection are employed. The researcher may be biased or the participants may be biased in providing their observations and answers. Hence, conducting iteration is one way to reduce such bias in data analysis. Another way to authenticate and validate the data collected in research is to properly prioritize and sort out the data.

Avis Budget Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Avis Budget Group - Assignment Example It is also meant to offer high quality services both internal and external to its clients from all over the world. This means that the company’s rate of car hire and leasing is lower as compared to other companies in the industry (King, pg3). Its mission also comprises providing reliable and fulltime service to its client who do not own a car, or who want to enjoy the services of a car. The core values that Avis budget group operates on are purely based on the need of every citizen to have an efficient and easy movement process. It is not possible for all people to have cars, or to go with own car everywhere they travel. As a result the company has joined hands with stakeholders from all over the world, which includes the largest car hire companies in the world, to offer services under Avis budget group. The company also has stakeholders from the Asian and African region, where the need of hiring a car is rising. As a matter of fact the financial capability of Avis budget grou p is stable as of now, with less than four cases of debt from other organization since its inception. The operational principle that is used in this company is far different from other car hire companies, since its goes by the objective and reason of existence of this company. Industrial perspective In the last financial year, the company made a profit amounting to twenty percent of the previous year’s performance. It made a profit of seven billion dollars as compared to previous year where it made four point six billion dollars in profit. The company has been recognized by the government as one of the most reliable company in the car hire industry. This has resulted the company to enjoy the benefit of offering services to most governments in the African region (Benton, pg1). The company has increased in financial performance for the last five years. This has been as a result of extensive and keen contribution to the factors that bothers the economic growth and the natural as pect. With the recent global financial crisis, the company has partnered with other organizations that adapt to economical way of producing fuel to be used in automotives. It has teamed up with American companies to provide efficient and environmental friendly fuels that are beneficial to the economy and environment. It has partnered with a group of companies that produce fuel from a plant grown in the garden (King, pg5). The provision of services by Avis budget group has played a critical role in the advancement of the economy, by applying methods that ensure industrialization and economic growth of different countries. The company has also ensured that the services are available to all people, not considering the background of individuals. Their cars run on environment friendly fuels, thus contributes to industrialization. Environmental perspective This company has ensured that all the aspects are taken care of, where the most critical factor being considered to be environmental. Environment is a crucial part in the continuity of Avis budget group’s business activity. This has not been left behind, and the company has ensured that environment is maintained to the level best to enable the continuity of its business. This has resulted to the company establishing programs that are eco friendly. The recent program incorporated by the company is known as green fuel. This has been a critical boost to the sales oil produced from plants. It has also seen the

Social Media in Global Politics Essay Example for Free

Social Media in Global Politics Essay Social Media Becoming the Most Powerful Force in Global Politics? YES: Clay Shirky, from â€Å"The Net Advantage,† Prospect (December 11, 2009) NO: Malcolm Gladwell, from â€Å"Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted,† I would say that social media has become one of the tools in use of global politics but definitely not the most powerful force that leads to change. I am not exactly sure what is the most powerful in ways of global politics, social media has its limits and it can be stopped or manipulated by governments in order to do what they want but at the same time it can be used to trigger a change that has not been seen in a long time in countries that are oppressed or just feel need of change. Let us take for example of the invasion of Ukraine, if something like invasion were to happen to another country we in western world will get the new after few weeks at the most of what is exactly going on in the country, as I remember as soon as Russia started moving we had news on twitter and facebook in an uproar and telling the world to do something and stop it. Of course the initial invasion by the Russians came because there were civil unrest in the country and the Russians military was mobilised in order to prevent anymore civil unrest coming into their country (according to the Russians), the initial civil unrest started its movement through social media at the time. We in the western world who are just ordinary people with no political ties are just trying to make a living when we see these on social media who would you believe? The government who is using civil unrest to invade and say to the rest of the world we are just here to make sure it does not spread or the people who started the rebellion and saying it is because the government have ignored that they are revolting? Either or the situation is happening even with world watching and having an opinion towards the war it is still going on but it does not seem to end. With the tool such as social media we have so much power but in the end it comes down to who has the biggest guns or influence in the area is the one who will be controlling the global politics of that area.

A Comparison of Second Coming and World Is Too Much with Us :: comparison compare contrast essays

Ability to Foresee The Future  in  Second Coming and  World Is Too Much with Us The world is changing and evolving at an astounding rate. Within the last one hundred years, the Western community has seen advances in technology and medicine that has improved the lifestyles and longevity of almost every individual. Within the last two hundred years, we have seen two World Wars, and countless disputes over false borders created by colonialists, slavery, and every horrid form of human suffering imaginable! Human lifestyles and cultures are changing every minute. While our grandparents and ancestors were growing-up, do you think that they ever imagined the world we live in today? What is to come is almost inconceivable to us now. In this world, the only thing we can be sure of is that everything will change. With all of these transformations happening, it is a wonder that a great poet may write words over one hundred years ago, that are still relevant in today’s modern world. It is also remarkable that their written words can tell us more about our present, th an they did about our past. Is it just an illusion that our world is evolving, or do these great poets have the power to see into the future? In this brief essay, I will investigate the immortal characteristics of poetry written between 1794 and 1919. And, I will show that these classical poems can actually hold more relevance today, than they did in the year they were written. Along the way, we will pay close attention to the style of the poetry, and the strength of words and symbols used to intensify the poets’ revelations.   The World Is Too Much with Us, written by William Wordsworth in 1807 is a warning to his generation, that they are losing sight of what is truly important in this world: nature and God. To some, they are one in the same. As if lacking appreciation for the natural gifts of God is not sin enough, we add to it the insult of pride for our rape of His land. Wordsworth makes this poetic message immortal with his powerful and emotional words. Let us study his powerful style: The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers: Little we see in Nature that is ours; We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! (Lines 1 - 4) Materialism, wasteful selfishness, prostitution! These are the images that these lines bring to me! Yet, is it not more true today than in Wordsworth’s time, that we are a culture of people who simply consume and waste?

Michelin Analysis Essay

Michelin financial analysis| Michelin Company Profile Michelin is a tire producing company created in 1863 by the Michelin brothers. Originally based in Clermont Ferrand, the company is now located in more than 170 countries and owns 84 production site all around the world. Even if their core business is the production of tires they diversified their activities in 1900 with the first Michelin map & guides and extend their knowledge for special sector with new type of tires such as plane tire for instance. Michelin is the second leader of tire market after Bridgestone. In 2010, they had a turnover of 17  891 millions â‚ ¬ with an increase of 20% from 2009. Michelin is on the stock exchange market since 1951 which means the company can increase their equity thanks to investors and at the same time stay secure and independent. In 2010, Michelin launches its biggest increase of equity introducing 27. 2 million of new shares for a total amount of 1. 2 billion euros helping to finance its development cost estimated at 1. 6 billion euros. They have 3 major products families : * Production of tourism tyres * Production of truck tyres Others specialties (tyre for airplane, space shuttle, maps & guides, GPS†¦) We can see that their core business is the tire market with more than 86% of their activities. Geographically, their major market is Europe with 49. 9% of their revenues (7. 7 billion euros) followed by North America with 34. 4% and other regions with 22. 7%. Michelin’s major market which is Europe has been declining by 7. 5% between 2005 and 2010 whereas North America gains 1. 7% and 5. 8% for the others regions as emerging countries. Through the years and to extend their activities worldwide, Michelin has developed new rands. Michelin and BF Goodrich  are the two worldwide brands, established in many countries. Then, Michelin also developed regional brands such as Kleber, Uniroyal, Warrior with a strong presence respectively in Europe, North America and China. Added to these brands, Michelins created few distribution brands as Euromaster, TCI, respectively in Europe and North America. I. Market analysis Michelin is represented in two different markets: * Market of new tire This market is especially dealing with car manufacturer through partnership. For instance, Michelin has an old partnership with Citroen which is buying big quantities of tires in order to be set up directly on their production chain. In this market, Michelin is very dependent from the car manufacturer’s market and fluctuate according to the increase or decrease of new car sales. In 2010, this market has been increasing by 15% thanks firstly to the revival of the car industry in the Western countries, mostly helped by country states and secondly to the growth of exportation to emerging countries. * Market of replacement This market is linked with retailers, as they buy and sell tires in stores to replace a defective one. This market is less dangerous for Michelin as it is almost constant and represents ? of tires production market. Concerning the replacement market, products are distributed via dealerships and replacement service centers. This is done either via Michelin’s own distribution brands (Euromaster in Europe and TCI in North America), but also using brand partnerships and franchises to be present in 27 countries all over the world. Equipment repartition per segment| Car segment| Truck segment| Original equipment| 28. 10%| 17. 40%| Replacement equipment| 71. 90%| 82. 60%| In 2010, the replacement market has increased by 9% in the segment of tourism and van tires in Europe with the increase of the demand for special winter tire due to severe weather condition last winter. II. Competition Michelin operates in a very competitive market with several competitors, either from Europe or emerging countries. The four main producers are Bridgestone, Michelin, Goodyear and Continental which are counting for more than 50% in the worldwide market. However, new entrants such as Sumitomo, Yokohama, Hankook and coming from Asian countries have gained market shares rapidly. These emerging countries are developing a middle class with enough purchase power to buy either Michelin tires through distribution centers or new cars equipped with Michelin tires. As we can see on the table above, the Asian market is now growing as fast as traditional market such as Europe and North America. The most increasing market is South America which increases its demand by greatly in 2010. Furthermore, these emerging countries will account for 50% of global automobile output in 2012, showing that Michelin has to be on these markets in order to preserve its 2nd largest producer worldwide rank. Asian market Michelin is already well implanted in the replacement segment with their distribution centers â€Å"Tyre Plus† leading the Asian market with more than 570 local centers in China and a total of 970 centers in 9 Asian countries. Michelin has also developed its own brand called â€Å"Warrior† to enter in the Asian market, especially the Chinese market in order to compete with Hankook. To be closer to the demand, Michelin has already built 3 productions sites and will add a new one in 2011 in Shenyang. Indian market Most of the increase of Michelin on the Indian market was due to new partnership with truck manufacturer such as Tata, the biggest one in India. Michelin became an original supplier of Tata for tires in the original equipment for truck segment in 2010 helping it to increase theirs sales and to gain brand recognition. Following this path, Michelin opened 6 new truck service centers the same year and plan the opening of a new production site in Chennai in 2011. South American market Michelin has known a significant progression in 2010 on Brazilian, Chilean, Colombian and Argentinean truck market with a global increase of 41% in the replacement market. Added to that, Michelin did few partnerships with local truck manufacturers and benefit from the 47% increase of new trucks purchases last year. * Invest in Research & Development Michelin has to face two main issues: innovation in the tire market and raw material raising cost. In both issues, R&D is a key solution. During the last years, Michelin has invested 500 million euros per year in R&D to find alternatives solution to rubber issue and keep innovating. Cost of raw material Globally, the tire industry uses nearly 70% of world’s natural rubber production. With more than 60% of production costs depending only on rubber, Michelin is facing difficulties when there is an explosion of the price on the market. Since 2009, natural rubber price has increased by 60% and synthetical rubber, as it is made with petroleum, is increasing too. Like oil, which is also used to make synthetic rubber, nonrenewable raw materials are becoming increasingly scarce and will remain expensive in the years ahead, notably due to strong demand from China and India. Optimizing raw material use is essential if these resources are to be conserved over the long term and if tires are to remain affordably priced. With R&D, Michelin can find alternatives materials to rubber and increase the production of synthetical rubber to replace the natural one on basic tires. Unfortunately, high performance tires will still require natural rubber, whose properties make it irreplaceable, especially for truck, farm equipment and earthmover tires. Innovation In order to compete on the global market, Michelin has to be on first line for innovation. Michelin has started to invest in R&D to create new types of tires, which will have less impact on fuel consumption and smaller eco-footprint. For instance, in 2010, Michelin has released a new truck tire called â€Å"Michelin X Energy Saver Green†. On average it permits the standard family car to reduce fuel consumption by 520 liters per year thanks to a better road holding. This new eco-friendly product matches the demand from trucks manufacturer, states upcoming laws about transport and final clients. As several countries are becoming more and more environmental friendly. Michelin has to anticipate the vote of laws to protect environment especially in Europe and North America, its two biggest markets in terms of sales. By increasing the production of eco-friendly tires, they would be able to face the new environmental requirement from government, organism and even from their car manufacturers partners that are already investing in hybrid and less polluting cars and trucks. Tires companies that are not anticipating these changes would not survive in this highly competitive market.

Managerial Economics Chapter 5 and 6 Homework Essay

Part A: A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (40)*(1-L/400) = 20. The solution is L = 200. In turn, Q = 200 – (2002/800). The solution is Q = 150. The firms profit is= PQ – (MC)L= ($40) (150) – ($20) (200) = $2,000 Part B Price increase to $50: Q = Dresses per week L= Number of labor hours per week Q = L –L2/800 MCL=$20 P= $50 A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (50)*(1-L/400) = 20. The solution is L = 240. In turn, Q = 240 – (2402/800). The solution is Q = 168. The firms profit is ($40) (168) – ($20) (240) = $1,920 Optimal output of the firm would increase from 150 to 168, and labor would increase from 200 to 240, resulting in a decrease in profit to $1,920. Part B inflation in labor and output price: Assuming a 10% increase IN LABOR COST AND OUTPUT PRICE†¦ Q = Dresses per week L= Number of labor hours per week Q = L –L2/800 MCL=$20.20 (20*.10) P= $40.40 ($40*.10) A firm maximizes profit when it equates MRPL = (MR) *(MPL) = MCL MPL= dQ/dL =1 – L/400 Therefore (40.40)*(1-L/400) = 20.20. The solution is L = 200. In turn, Q = 200 – (2002/800). The solution is Q = 150. The firms profit is ($40.40) (150) – ($20.20) (200) = $2,020 Optimal output of the firm would remain the same at 150, and labor would remain the same at 200, however, there would be an increase in profit to $2,020 to correspond to the percentage increase in output price and labor cost (in this example 10%). Part C 25% increase in MPL: The marginal cost of labor would increase by the same percentage amount as price (25%), therefore the Marginal Cost of labor would increase from 20 to 25. Therefore 50 – L/8 =25 and L=200 Output and hours of labor remain unchanged due to the fact that price and cost of labor increase by same percentage amounts ALSO SEE PART B ABOVE INFLATION EXAMPLE I MADE DENOTING 10 PERCENT INCREASE IN LABOR AND OUTPUT. Chapter 5 Question 12 Page 220 Part A: Q = 100(1.01).5(1).4 = 100.50. Compare this to the original of Q=100 and we can determine that Output increases by .5%. The power coefficient measures the elasticity of the output with respect to the input. A 1% increase in labor produces a (.5)(1) = .5% increase in output. Part B: Dr. Ghosh- per my e-mail I was a bit confused with this question based on your lecture notes (as your notes state that BOTH inputs must change for a returns to scale to be determined) , so I have two different opinions. Opinion 1- The nature of returns to scale in production depends on the sum of the exponents, ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ². Decreasing returns exist if ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ²Ã‹â€š 1. The sum of the power coefficients is .5 + .4 < 1, the production function exhibits decreasing returns to scale where output increases in a smaller proportion than input. This is reflected in Part A of this problem where a 1% increase in labor (input) results in a .5% increase in output. Opinion 2- BOTH inputs must be changed in the same proportion (according to your lecture notes). Therefore, in this question I am confused. Only one of the inputs are being changed. Does this concept not apply, and is my original answer incorrect? I don’t see any scale where only one of the inputs are changed†¦As such, if both inputs MUST be changed then returns to scale can not be determined for this question as only L was originally changed. Chapter 6 Question 6 Part B Page 265 (part A not required) Demand is P = 48 – Q/200 Costs are C = 60,000 + .0025Q2. Therefore the TR= 48Q-Q2/200, and the derivative MR function would be MR = 48 – Q/100. The firm maximizes profit by setting MR = MC. Therefore, MR = 48 – Q/100 and MC = .005Q. Setting MR = MC (48 – Q/100) = .005Q results in: Q* = 3,200. In turn, P* = $32 (where 48-3200/200). Chapter 6 Question 8 Page 265 CE= 250,000 +1,000Q + 5Q2 $2,000= Cost of Frames and assembly P= 10,000-30Q Part A: Marginal Cost of producing an additional engine†¦ CE = 250,000 +1,000Q +5Q2 MCE = d/dQ (250,000 +1,000Q + 5Q2) =10Q + 1,000 MCCycle=MCEngine +MCframes and assembly; therefore MCCylce = 1,000+ 2,000 +10Q The inverse demand function provided in the text was P= 10,000-30Q TR = (P)*(Q) = (10,000-30Q)*Q =10,000Q – 30Q2 Obtain the derivative of this function to find MR: MR=d/dQ =(10,000Q – 30Q2) MR=10,000 – 60Q MR = MC 10,000 – 60Q = 1,000 + 2,000 +10Q 7,000 = 70Q Q=100 (profit maximizing output) P= 10,000 – 30Q =10,000 -30(100) Profit Maximizing Price=7,000 Therefore the Marginal Cost of producing an engine =1,000 + 10Q (q=100 from solving above) =2,000 MCEngine Marginal Cost of Producing a Cycle From equation developed above†¦ MCCycle = 1,000 +2,000 +10Q =1,000 +2,000 + 10(100) =$4,000 MCCycle Part B: Since the firm can produce engines at a Marginal Cost of $2,000, the opportunity to buy from another firm at a greatly reduced Marginal Cost of $1,400 would be sensible. MCEngine=$1,400 MR = MC 10,000 – 60Q = 2,000 +1,400 10,000- 60Q = 3400 Q=110 (profit maximizing output) P = 10,000 – 30(110) =6,700 profit maximizing price Therefore the firm should buy the engine since the engine produced by the firm is more than the engine provided by the other firm. Chapter 6 Question 10 Page 266 Part A: Revenue is P*Q. Obtain Marginal Cost function through 160 + 16Q + 0.1Q2 FOC (derivative of above equation) 16 + 0.2Q= MC From the P= 96 – .4Q we can determine that total revenue = 96Q – .4Q2 and the derivative or FOC is thus 96 – .8Q= MR Set MC = MR 16 + 0.2Q = 96 – 0.8Q Q=80 We solve for P by plugging this into our original equation P= 96-.4(80) P=64 Profit = 5,120 (80*64) – 2,080 (160 + 16*80 + .1(80)2) = $3,040 Part B: C =160 + 16Q + .1Q2 AC= (160+16Q+.1Q^2)/Q MC=d/dQ(160 + 16Q + .1Q2) MC=16 + .2Q AC=MC 160/Q + 16 + .1Q = 16 + .2Q 160/Q = .1Q .1Q2 =160 Q= 40 Average cost of production is minimized at 40 units, she is correct as AC = MC (see below). AC = 960/40 =24 MC = 16 + (.2) ($40) = $24 However, optimal output is Q=80 where MR = MC, therefore her second claim of 40 units as the firm’s profit maximizing level of output is incorrect. P = 96 – .4 (40) P=$80 TR = 80*40 =3,200 C = 160 + 16Q + .1Q2 =960 Profit = Revenue – Cost = 3,200 – 960 = 2,240 therefore output at 80 is greater than the profit at 40. Part C: We learned from part a the single plant cost is $2,080 or (160 + 16*80 + .1(80)2). If two plants were open each producing the minimum level of output detailed in part B (Q=40) then total cost would be (Q)*(AC) = 24*80 = $1,920. You can compare this to the cost in part A of $2,080 and determine it is cheaper to produce using the two plants.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICE essays

GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICE essays The science of biology has evolved to the point today that an animals basic nature can be quickly and permanently changed by altering its generic structure. The possibilities that the genetic engineering of animals can bring us is endless; from the Harvard-Dupont mouse prone to developing cancer, to pigs with people-friendly organs that can be used for transplant purposes. But genetic engineering is, as yet, an imperfect science that yields imperfect results and too, endless risks. The use of humans for testing is far too hazardous for first-time products. Therefore, the use of animals, especially mice, as testers is often seen as a way of helping our technological advances. There are two primary techniques that are utilized to modify an animals genome (the unique combination of genes in an individual animal): Transgenesis by pronuclear microinjection and the manipulation of embryonic stem cells. Transgenesis by pronuclear microinjection is the process of permanently introducing a foreign gene into an animal, creating a transgenic animal that is genetically different from any other animal that ever existed. The following steps are taken to create a transgenic animal, the following steps are taken. Female mice are injected with a hormone to induce their ovaries to produce five-six times the number of egg cells that would normally be produced during ovulation, bred with a male mouse, and then killed so that the fertilized egg cells can be surgically removed. After a few hours in culture, the embryos are injected with a gene from another animal (a transgene). In some cases, the transgenes will become permanently inserted into the genetic make-up of the embryo. After a few hours of culturing to allow the cells to grow a bit larger, they are surgically placed into the reproductive tract of a foster mother mouse. In order to receive these manipulated eggs successfully, the foster mother must be induced int ...

A Case Study Of Mental Health

A Case Study Of Mental Health Mental health has become a major global problem. It affects 450 million people and one in four of us will suffer from mental ill- health at some time in our lives (WHO, 2001). Mental Health is † used positively to indicate a state of psychological well- being, negatively to indicate its opposite ( as in ‘mental health problems’) or euphemistically to indicate facilities used by, or imposed upon , people with mental health problems ( as in ‘mental health services’). During the nineteenth century, all patients were certified under lunacy laws. That is, the State only made provisions for the control of madness. The fledgling profession of psychiatry ( this term was first used in Britain in 1858) was singularly preoccupied with segregating and managing lunatics . With the emergence of the First World War, soldiers began to break down with ‘shellshock’ now called ‘post – traumatic stress disorder’ . From this point on, psyc hiatry extended its jurisdiction from madness to versions of nervousness provoked by stress or trauma. In the twentieth century, more abnormal mental states came within its jurisdiction, such as those due to alcohol and drug abuse and personality problems. Today, ‘mental health services’ may be offered to, or be imposed upon, people with this wide range of problems, although madness or ‘severe mental illness’ still captures most of the attention of professionals .Another aspects of the term ‘mental health problems’ is that some people, critical of psychiatric terminology, object of scientific or logical grounds to notions like ‘mental illness’ or ‘mental disorder’. In the 1983 Act and equivalent Scottish legislation ‘ mental illness’ is not defined. However, Article 3(1) of the Northern Ireland Order does define it as ‘ a state of mind which affects a person’s thinking, perceiving, emotion or judgement to the extent that he requires care or medical treatment in his own interests of other persons’. Neither the Scottish nor Northern Ireland definitions include psychopathic disorder and there has recently been some discussion in the context of review of the Mental Health Act about removing it in England and Wales. Issues concerning mental health have been raised substantially in the consciousness of politicians, the media, and the public. Moreover, the ‘burden’ of mental disorder is regarded not just as a – if not the- principal cause of human misery, but as a significant impediment to social and economic growth. Measurement of the years of potential life lost and the years of productive life lost through mental ill- health could reach 15% of all diseases and deaths globally by 2020 (WHO, 1999). A further dimension of inequalities in the apparent scale of mental health problems is race. Race is controversial to define. Genetic distinctions between groups of humans ( other based on sex) have little empirical basis. Racial distinctions arose from anthropological investigations carried out by colonized indigenous people. However, because of colonization, the social identity of these people became real for them and others. In the United States black patients are overrepresented in mental institutions, and have become increasingly so over the postwar period. This has particularly been the case within state mental hospitals, where minority groups constitute 35 per cent of the hospital population, and are subject to higher rates of admission and readmission. In a review of eight epidemiological studies conducted in the United States between the late 1950’s and mid- 1970’s, Kessler and Neighbors (1986) found that among persons with low incomes black people exhibited significantly more distress than white people. They claimed, therefore, that race is an important independent variable in determining the likelihood of an individual becoming mentally ill. There is some dispute over what to make of this evidence. Cockerham (1990) maintains that the majority of studies on the incidence and distribution of mental health problems suggest that race is not an independent variable:†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ race alone does not appear to produce higher rates of mental disorder for particular groups’. Rather, it is because more black people are in the lower social cases that they tend to demonstrate more signs of mental distress. Others, however, disagree. Halpern (1993) argues that minority status can be demonstrated to result in a tendency towards psychiatric problems.

Mini Research Report on Tutankhamun Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mini Report on Tutankhamun - Research Paper Example esenamun with whom they had two stillborn daughters who died at 6 months and later at 9 months of pregnancy according to modern computations.1 However, even the modern research has not yet revealed the core reason of the deaths since there were no congenital anomalies found in the mummies. Given the young age of Tutankhamun at the time of ascending to the throne and his successes such victories over several ethnicities, it obvious that he had wise and string council among them Vizier Ay. Nonetheless, Tutankhamun made several noticeable changes during his reign marking a number of achievements under his name. For instanvce, during the third year of his reign he banned the worship of the god Aten restoring the god Amun contrary to his father’s reign. Moreover, the Capital was reverted to Thebes abandoning Akhetaten that had served as the main city during his father’s reign. It was this period that saw the establishment of the name Tutankhamun that means â€Å"Living image of Amun† whom he had restored as the god to worship. Additionally, he saw the development of Thebes marked by numerous buildings such as a temple for Amun and erection of several monuments mainly related to the gods. As a result of these advancements, traditional festivals such as those related to Apis Bull that had earlier been neglected were now celebrated across the territory. However, due the increased concentration on the god Amun other gods and goddesses were seemingly neglected leading to the belief that the land was under a curse. As such, the temples and the sanctuary were in ruins with some being seemingly abused due to use as roads and hence prayers to these gods and goddesses were not answered. This may be considered one of the greatest failures of Tutankhamun and it has received great critic especially from those against the worship of the god Amun. Nevertheless, Tutankhamun saw the improvement of the economic status of the country that had been strained during the reign of his